{"id":10239,"date":"2026-03-29T02:49:48","date_gmt":"2026-03-29T02:49:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.wizbrand.com\/tutorials\/google-display-network\/"},"modified":"2026-03-29T02:49:48","modified_gmt":"2026-03-29T02:49:48","slug":"google-display-network","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.wizbrand.com\/tutorials\/google-display-network\/","title":{"rendered":"Google Display Network: What It Is, Key Features, Benefits, Use Cases, and How It Fits in Display Advertising"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The Google Display Network<\/strong> is one of the most widely used ecosystems for running Display Advertising<\/strong> as part of a modern Paid Marketing<\/strong> strategy. It helps brands place visual ads across a large set of websites, apps, and digital properties\u2014often reaching people while they browse content, read news, watch videos, or use mobile apps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For many teams, the Google Display Network<\/strong> fills the crucial gap between \u201cdemand capture\u201d and \u201cdemand creation.\u201d Search ads often reach users after intent is formed, but Display Advertising<\/strong> can shape consideration earlier in the journey. Understanding how the Google Display Network<\/strong> works, what it\u2019s good at (and what it isn\u2019t), and how to measure it correctly is essential for reliable Paid Marketing<\/strong> performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What Is Google Display Network?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

At its core, the Google Display Network<\/strong> is an ad distribution network that allows advertisers to buy Display Advertising<\/strong> inventory across a broad range of publisher sites and apps. In practical terms, it\u2019s a way to show image-based, responsive, and rich media ads to targeted audiences outside of search results.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The core concept is straightforward: you define a campaign goal, pick targeting options (audiences, topics, placements, and more), set budgets and bids, and your ads are served where they are most likely to achieve the outcome you care about\u2014such as awareness, site visits, leads, or purchases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From a business perspective, the Google Display Network<\/strong> is valuable because it can provide:\n– Broad reach for brand discovery\n– Efficient retargeting to re-engage past visitors\n– Scalable testing for creative messages and offers <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Within Paid Marketing<\/strong>, the Google Display Network<\/strong> sits alongside other paid media channels (like paid search and paid social). Inside Display Advertising<\/strong>, it\u2019s often used for prospecting (finding new potential customers) and remarketing (bringing back people who already interacted with you).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why Google Display Network Matters in Paid Marketing<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The strategic value of the Google Display Network<\/strong> comes from its ability to influence customer decisions before, during, and after active shopping moments. While search can be intent-heavy, Display Advertising<\/strong> can be intent-building\u2014helping people recognize a problem, remember a brand, or come back to complete a purchase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key outcomes the Google Display Network<\/strong> can support in Paid Marketing<\/strong> include:\n– Awareness and reach:<\/strong> Getting in front of relevant audiences at scale\n– Consideration:<\/strong> Driving engaged visits, content reads, and product discovery\n– Remarketing:<\/strong> Improving conversion rates by re-engaging prior visitors\n– Incremental lift:<\/strong> Adding touchpoints that search-only strategies may miss <\/p>\n\n\n\n

It can also be a competitive advantage when used with strong targeting discipline and measurement. Many advertisers waste spend on low-quality placements or broad targeting. Teams that apply tighter governance, conversion-quality feedback loops, and creative testing often turn the Google Display Network<\/strong> into a reliable contributor instead of a \u201cnice-to-have.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How Google Display Network Works<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A practical way to understand the Google Display Network<\/strong> is to view it as a workflow that connects your campaign inputs to real-world ad delivery and measurable outcomes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. \n

    Inputs (your campaign decisions)<\/strong>\n You provide campaign objectives, targeting parameters, budgets, bids, geographic settings, frequency preferences, and creatives. In Paid Marketing<\/strong>, these inputs reflect your funnel strategy\u2014prospecting versus remarketing, efficiency versus scale.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    Processing (matching and auction dynamics)<\/strong>\n When a user visits a page or opens an app with ad inventory, the system evaluates eligibility based on your targeting, bid strategy, and ad quality signals. Context (page content), user signals, and historical performance influence whether your Display Advertising<\/strong> is selected.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    Execution (ad serving and experience)<\/strong>\n Your ad is rendered in an available placement. The experience depends on the format (responsive, image, rich media) and how well the creative fits the context, device, and page layout.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  4. \n

    Outputs (results and feedback loop)<\/strong>\n You receive performance data such as impressions, clicks, conversions, and viewability-related indicators (where available). You then optimize targeting, creative, and bidding to improve results. This feedback loop is where Paid Marketing<\/strong> teams separate \u201cspend\u201d from \u201cstrategy.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Key Components of Google Display Network<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    To use the Google Display Network<\/strong> well, it helps to break it into the components that drive performance and governance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Campaign structure and settings<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    A strong structure separates:\n– Prospecting vs remarketing\n– Brand vs performance messages\n– Different geographies, products, or audiences <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    This makes Display Advertising<\/strong> results easier to interpret and optimize.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Targeting and audience signals<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    The Google Display Network<\/strong> supports multiple ways to reach people, including contextual signals (what content they\u2019re viewing) and audience signals (who they are or what they\u2019ve done). Clear targeting strategy prevents wasted impressions and improves learning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Creatives and formats<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Creative quality is a major performance lever in Display Advertising<\/strong>. Strong assets typically include:\n– Clear value proposition and offer\n– Consistent branding (logo, colors, tone)\n– Device-friendly layouts and readable text\n– Multiple variations for testing <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bidding, budgets, and pacing<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Bidding and budgets translate strategy into delivery. In Paid Marketing<\/strong>, pacing discipline (daily spend, flighting, and seasonal adjustments) prevents under-delivery or overspend.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Measurement and attribution<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    You need a measurement plan that defines:\n– Primary conversions (what \u201csuccess\u201d means)\n– Secondary actions (micro-conversions like add-to-cart or signup-start)\n– Attribution approach and conversion windows <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Governance and responsibilities<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    High-performing teams assign ownership across:\n– Creative production and refresh cadence\n– Audience and placement controls\n– Conversion tracking integrity\n– Brand safety review and exclusions <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Types of Google Display Network<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    The Google Display Network<\/strong> doesn\u2019t have \u201ctypes\u201d in the same way a product has editions, but there are meaningful approaches and distinctions that shape outcomes in Paid Marketing<\/strong> and Display Advertising<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1) Contextual targeting vs audience targeting<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • Contextual:<\/strong> Ads appear based on page topics, keywords, or content themes. <\/li>\n
    • Audience-based:<\/strong> Ads target people based on interests, behaviors, or prior interactions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      2) Prospecting vs remarketing<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • Prospecting:<\/strong> Reaches new users who match likely buyer patterns. <\/li>\n
      • Remarketing:<\/strong> Reaches users who previously visited your site or engaged with your app.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        3) Managed placements vs automatic placements<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • Managed placements:<\/strong> You specify exact sites\/apps\/placements. <\/li>\n
        • Automatic placements:<\/strong> The system finds placements based on your targeting and performance signals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          4) Standard image ads vs responsive display ads<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
            \n
          • Standard image:<\/strong> Fixed creative sizes you design. <\/li>\n
          • Responsive:<\/strong> The system adapts combinations of assets (headlines, images, logos) to fit placements.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

            Real-World Examples of Google Display Network<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

            Example 1: B2B SaaS lead generation with remarketing<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

            A SaaS company runs Display Advertising<\/strong> to re-engage people who visited pricing pages but didn\u2019t request a demo. Using the Google Display Network<\/strong>, they segment audiences by intent depth (blog readers vs product-page visitors) and show tailored messages (case study vs demo offer). In Paid Marketing<\/strong>, this often improves lead volume without relying exclusively on search.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Example 2: Ecommerce seasonal promotion with prospecting + creative testing<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

            A retailer launches a holiday campaign using the Google Display Network<\/strong> to reach audiences interested in relevant categories. They test multiple creative themes (gift bundles, free shipping, limited-time discount) and shift budget toward the best-performing combination. This is a classic Display Advertising<\/strong> use case where creative iteration drives efficiency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Example 3: Local service business building demand in a defined radius<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

            A local home services brand uses the Google Display Network<\/strong> to run awareness ads within a service area, then remarkets to site visitors with \u201cbook now\u201d messaging. In Paid Marketing<\/strong>, this pairing can stabilize lead flow when search volume fluctuates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Benefits of Using Google Display Network<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

            When implemented with discipline, the Google Display Network<\/strong> can deliver benefits across performance and brand objectives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \n
            • Efficient reach:<\/strong> Scale impressions at costs that are often lower than many other channels, which can make Paid Marketing<\/strong> planning more flexible. <\/li>\n
            • Stronger recall:<\/strong> Repeated exposure (with frequency control) helps brand recognition\u2014one of the main jobs of Display Advertising<\/strong>. <\/li>\n
            • Remarketing performance:<\/strong> Re-engaging warm users often improves conversion rates and lowers acquisition costs. <\/li>\n
            • Creative learning:<\/strong> Fast feedback on messaging, offers, and visual hooks can inform other channels (including paid social and landing pages). <\/li>\n
            • Full-funnel support:<\/strong> The Google Display Network<\/strong> can support awareness through conversion, especially when audiences are segmented thoughtfully.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

              Challenges of Google Display Network<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

              The same scale that makes the Google Display Network<\/strong> attractive also creates risks and operational challenges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \n
              • Placement quality variance:<\/strong> Not all inventory delivers the same attention or business value. Without exclusions and monitoring, Display Advertising<\/strong> can drift into low-quality placements. <\/li>\n
              • Brand safety and suitability:<\/strong> Ads may appear near content that doesn\u2019t match brand standards unless you apply controls and review reports. <\/li>\n
              • Viewability and attention limits:<\/strong> Impressions don\u2019t guarantee real visibility. This complicates performance evaluation in Paid Marketing<\/strong>. <\/li>\n
              • Click quality concerns:<\/strong> Some placements can produce accidental clicks or low-intent traffic, inflating metrics without driving outcomes. <\/li>\n
              • Attribution ambiguity:<\/strong> Display frequently assists conversions rather than \u201clast-click\u201d winning them, so measurement must be designed carefully. <\/li>\n
              • Creative fatigue:<\/strong> Repeated exposure to the same assets can reduce performance, especially in remarketing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                Best Practices for Google Display Network<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                These practices help turn the Google Display Network<\/strong> into a controlled, measurable Paid Marketing<\/strong> channel rather than an uncontrolled reach play.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Build clean campaign segmentation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                Separate prospecting and remarketing. Keep audience groups distinct. This makes optimization decisions clearer and prevents Display Advertising<\/strong> data from blending incompatible goals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Use intentional targeting, then expand cautiously<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                Start with tighter audiences or contextual themes aligned to your offer. Once performance is stable, expand targeting gradually so you can identify what actually works.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Control frequency and refresh creative<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                Set practical frequency guidance (especially for remarketing) and schedule creative refreshes. The Google Display Network<\/strong> rewards consistent testing because placements and audience response vary widely.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Optimize to business outcomes, not vanity metrics<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                Clicks can be misleading in Display Advertising<\/strong>. Optimize to qualified leads, purchases, or meaningful on-site actions that correlate with revenue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Audit placement reports and apply exclusions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                Regularly review where ads appeared. Exclude placements that underperform, misalign with your brand, or produce low-quality engagement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Strengthen landing pages and tracking<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                Even great targeting won\u2019t save weak post-click experiences. Improve page speed, message match, and form usability. Ensure conversion tracking is accurate\u2014measurement is foundational to Paid Marketing<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Tools Used for Google Display Network<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                The Google Display Network<\/strong> is managed through ad platform workflows, but successful execution typically relies on an ecosystem of tools and systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \n
                • Ad platform management tools:<\/strong> For campaign setup, targeting, creative uploads, and pacing controls. <\/li>\n
                • Analytics tools:<\/strong> To evaluate engagement quality, user behavior, assisted conversions, and cohort outcomes beyond ad-platform metrics. <\/li>\n
                • Tag management systems:<\/strong> To implement and govern tracking tags, conversion events, and remarketing signals with version control and QA processes. <\/li>\n
                • CRM systems and marketing automation:<\/strong> To connect leads to downstream quality (sales acceptance, pipeline, revenue) and close the loop for Paid Marketing<\/strong> optimization. <\/li>\n
                • Reporting dashboards:<\/strong> To unify Display Advertising<\/strong> performance with other channels, enabling consistent definitions for conversions and ROI. <\/li>\n
                • Creative workflow tools:<\/strong> For asset versioning, approvals, and rapid iteration across sizes and formats.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                  Metrics Related to Google Display Network<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                  Measuring the Google Display Network<\/strong> well means balancing delivery metrics, efficiency metrics, and business outcomes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Delivery and exposure metrics<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                    \n
                  • Impressions and reach:<\/strong> How many times ads were served and how many unique users were exposed. <\/li>\n
                  • Frequency:<\/strong> Average exposures per user, critical for managing fatigue in Display Advertising<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                    Engagement metrics<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                      \n
                    • Click-through rate (CTR):<\/strong> Useful for creative comparisons, but not a full measure of quality. <\/li>\n
                    • Engaged sessions \/ bounce rate \/ time on site:<\/strong> Helps detect low-intent traffic that sometimes occurs in broad placements.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                      Conversion and value metrics<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                        \n
                      • Conversion rate (CVR):<\/strong> How often traffic converts. <\/li>\n
                      • Cost per acquisition (CPA) \/ cost per lead (CPL):<\/strong> Core efficiency metrics in Paid Marketing<\/strong>. <\/li>\n
                      • Return on ad spend (ROAS) or cost per order:<\/strong> Essential for ecommerce-focused Display Advertising<\/strong>. <\/li>\n
                      • Lead quality rate:<\/strong> Percent of leads that meet qualification thresholds\u2014often the missing metric in display.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                        Incrementality and assisted impact<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
                          \n
                        • View-through or assisted conversions (where used):<\/strong> Indicates influence beyond clicks, but should be interpreted carefully and validated with experiments when possible.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                          Future Trends of Google Display Network<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                          The Google Display Network<\/strong> is evolving alongside broader Paid Marketing<\/strong> trends in automation, privacy, and measurement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                            \n
                          • More automation in targeting and bidding:<\/strong> Systems increasingly rely on aggregated signals and predictive models. This can improve scale, but it raises the bar on clean conversion data and smart campaign structure. <\/li>\n
                          • Creative personalization:<\/strong> Expect more emphasis on asset-based creative approaches where multiple headlines, images, and layouts are tested continuously. <\/li>\n
                          • Privacy-driven measurement changes:<\/strong> Reduced reliance on third-party identifiers shifts focus toward first-party data, modeled conversions, and stronger on-site measurement hygiene. <\/li>\n
                          • Greater focus on placement quality and suitability:<\/strong> Advertisers will keep demanding more transparency and controls to ensure Display Advertising<\/strong> runs in environments that match brand standards. <\/li>\n
                          • Experimentation as a standard practice:<\/strong> Incrementality testing and holdout designs will become more common to prove the true contribution of display within Paid Marketing<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                            Google Display Network vs Related Terms<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                            Google Display Network vs Search ads<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                            Search ads appear when users actively query keywords; the Google Display Network<\/strong> shows Display Advertising<\/strong> while users browse content. Search is typically higher intent, while display is stronger for reach, remarketing, and awareness-to-consideration influence in Paid Marketing<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                            Google Display Network vs programmatic display (open web)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                            Programmatic is a buying method using automated auctions across various exchanges and platforms. The Google Display Network<\/strong> is a specific network and inventory ecosystem. Both support Display Advertising<\/strong>, but they differ in inventory access, controls, and workflow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                            Google Display Network vs YouTube advertising<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                            YouTube advertising focuses on video placements and viewing behaviors, while the Google Display Network<\/strong> focuses on visual ads across sites and apps (and may include some video-adjacent inventory depending on setup). In Paid Marketing<\/strong>, YouTube often serves upper-funnel video storytelling, while display can balance reach with remarketing efficiency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                            Who Should Learn Google Display Network<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                              \n
                            • Marketers:<\/strong> To build full-funnel plans where Display Advertising<\/strong> supports awareness, consideration, and conversion\u2014not just clicks. <\/li>\n
                            • Analysts:<\/strong> To design measurement that accounts for assisted impact and avoids misleading conclusions in Paid Marketing<\/strong> reporting. <\/li>\n
                            • Agencies:<\/strong> To standardize placement controls, creative testing, and client governance for scalable delivery on the Google Display Network<\/strong>. <\/li>\n
                            • Business owners and founders:<\/strong> To understand where display fits in growth strategy and how to prevent wasted spend while expanding reach. <\/li>\n
                            • Developers:<\/strong> To support tagging, consent-aware tracking, landing page performance, and reliable event instrumentation that improves Paid Marketing<\/strong> optimization.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                              Summary of Google Display Network<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                              The Google Display Network<\/strong> is a large-scale way to run Display Advertising<\/strong> across websites and apps, making it a foundational channel in many Paid Marketing<\/strong> programs. It matters because it can create demand, reinforce brand memory, and re-engage previous visitors through remarketing. When you pair disciplined targeting, strong creative testing, careful placement governance, and outcome-based measurement, the Google Display Network<\/strong> becomes a practical lever for both growth and efficiency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                              Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

                              1) What is the Google Display Network used for?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                              The Google Display Network<\/strong> is used to deliver Display Advertising<\/strong> across websites and apps for goals like awareness, traffic, lead generation, ecommerce sales, and remarketing to past visitors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                              2) Is Google Display Network good for Paid Marketing performance, or just awareness?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                              It can support both. In Paid Marketing<\/strong>, it often performs best when you separate prospecting and remarketing, optimize to real conversions, and actively manage placements and creative fatigue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                              3) How do I know if my Display Advertising traffic is high quality?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                              Look beyond clicks: evaluate engaged sessions, conversion rates, lead qualification rates, and downstream revenue. Regular placement reviews and audience segmentation also help identify quality issues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                              4) What\u2019s the difference between remarketing and prospecting on the Google Display Network?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                              Remarketing targets people who already interacted with your site or app, while prospecting targets new users who match likely customer signals. Both can be valuable, but they should be measured differently in Paid Marketing<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                              5) How much budget do I need to test Google Display Network properly?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                              There\u2019s no universal number. Aim for enough budget to generate meaningful conversion data or engagement signals per audience\/creative variant, and structure campaigns so results aren\u2019t diluted across too many segments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                              6) What are the most common mistakes with Google Display Network?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

                              Common mistakes include overly broad targeting, ignoring placement reports, optimizing to clicks instead of outcomes, running one creative for too long, and weak conversion tracking that misguides Paid Marketing<\/strong> decisions.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                              The **Google Display Network** is one of the most widely used ecosystems for running **Display Advertising** as part of a modern **Paid Marketing** strategy. It helps brands place visual ads across a large set of websites, apps, and digital properties\u2014often reaching people while they browse content, read news, watch videos, or use mobile apps.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10235,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1907],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10239","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-display-advertising"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wizbrand.com\/tutorials\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10239","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wizbrand.com\/tutorials\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wizbrand.com\/tutorials\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wizbrand.com\/tutorials\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10235"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wizbrand.com\/tutorials\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10239"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.wizbrand.com\/tutorials\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10239\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.wizbrand.com\/tutorials\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10239"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wizbrand.com\/tutorials\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10239"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.wizbrand.com\/tutorials\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10239"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}